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The Janssen Medal is an astrophysics award presented by the French Academy of Sciences to those who have made advances in this area of science.〔 (Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers ), French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011〕 The award was founded in 1886, though the first medal was not awarded until a year later. The commission formed to decide on the first recipient of the medal selected the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff for his work on the science of spectroscopy. However, Kirchhoff died aged 63 on 17 October 1887, a few months before the award would have been announced. Rather than chose a new recipient for the award, the commission announced at the Academy's session of 26 December 1887 that the inaugural medal would be placed on his grave, in "supreme honour of the memory of this great scholar of Heidelberg".〔 ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences'' (1887), pp.1322-1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: ''"L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."''〕 The award had been intended to be biennial, but was awarded in 1888 and again in 1889. A statement in the 1889 volume of ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences'' clarified that the award would be presented annually for the first seven years, and then biennially from 1894 onwards.〔 ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences'' (1889), pp.1095-1096〕 This award is distinct from the Prix Jules Janssen (created in 1897), an annual award presented by the French Astronomical Society. Both awards are named for the French astronomer Pierre Janssen (1824–1907) (better known as Jules Janssen). Janssen founded the Academy award, and was a member of the inaugural commission. ==Laureates== *1887 - Gustav Kirchhoff〔(Prizes of the French Academy ), Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886-1960) the author of the note.〕 (posthumously) *1888 - William Huggins〔〔(Huggins, Sir William (1824–1910) ), Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011〕 *1889 - Norman Lockyer〔 *1890 - Charles Augustus Young〔〔(Charles Augustus Young ), John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.〕 *1891 - Georges Rayet〔 *1892 - Pietro Tacchini〔〔(Pietro Tacchini ), Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.〕 *1893 - Samuel Pierpont Langley〔(Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY ), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66〕 *1894 - George Ellery Hale〔 *1896 - Henri Deslandres〔 *1898 - Aristarkh Belopolsky〔 *1900 - Edward Emerson Barnard〔 *1902 - Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel〔 *1904 - Aleksey Pavlovitch Hansky〔 *1905 - Gaston Millochau〔 (silver-gilt award)〔The 1905 statement in ''Comptes rendus'' relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences''.〕 *1906 - Annibale Ricco〔 *1908 - Pierre Puiseux〔 *1910 - William Wallace Campbell〔 *1912 - Alfred Perot〔 *1914 - René Jarry-Desloges〔(Jarry‐Desloges, René ), Patrick Fuentes, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007, Part 10, 589-590, 〕 *1916 - Charles Fabry〔(General Notes ), Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.〕 *1918 - Stanislas Chevalier〔The citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of ''Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences'' for the year of the award.〕 *1920 - William Coblentz〔(General Notes ), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120-122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.〕 *1922 - Carl Størmer〔(Notes ), Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476-478〕 *1924 - George Willis Ritchey〔(General Notes ), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360-363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.〕 *1926 - Francisco Miranda da Costa Lobo〔 *1928 - William Hammond Wright〔(William Hammond Wright, 1871-1959 ), Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305〕 *1930 - Bernard Ferdinand Lyot〔 *1932 - Alexandre Dauvillier〔 *1934 - Walter Sydney Adams〔(Walter S. Adams, 1876-1956 ), F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)〕 *1936 - Henry Norris Russell〔(RUSSELL, Henry Norris ), Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011〕 *1938 - Bertil Lindblad〔 *1940 - Harlow Shapley〔 *1943 - Lucien Henri d'Azambuja〔 *1944 - Jean Rösch〔 *1946 - Jan Hendrik Oort〔 *1949 - Daniel Chalonge〔 *1952 - André Couder〔 *1955 - Otto Struve〔(General Notes ), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)〕 *1956 - Victor Ambartsumian〔http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/ambartsumian/〕 *1958 - André Lallemand〔 *1961 - Pol Swings〔 ( Pol Swings - Curriculum Vitae ), Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24/01/2011〕 *1964 - Jean-François Denisse〔 (Jean-François Denisse ), French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011〕 *1967 - Bengt Strömgren〔(Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel ), Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26/01/2011 from Encyclopedia.com〕 *1970 - Gérard Wlérick〔 (Gérard Wlérick ), French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28/01/2011〕 *1973 - Lucienne Devan〔''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques'', Volume 277, page 128 (1973)〕 (silver-gilt award)〔The ''Comptes rendus'' citation refers to the award as a ''"médaille en vermeil"'' - i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.〕 *1976 - Paul Ledoux〔(Paul Ledoux (1914-1988) ), A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)〕 *1979 - Jean Delhaye〔(J. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen ), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)〕 *1982 - Georges Michaud〔(Observatory Reports: Université de Montréal ), Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)〕 *1985 - Pierre Lacroute〔(), Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)〕 *1988 - Lodewijk Woltjer.〔 (Lodewijk Woltjer ), French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011〕 *1990 - Pierre Charvin〔(), Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)〕 *1992 - Henk C. Van de Hulst〔(), Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)〕 *1994 - Serge Koutchmy〔(Serge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen ), C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)〕 *1999 - Jean-Marie Mariotti *2003 - Gilbert Vedrenne〔 *2007 - Bernard Fort〔 (Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 ), French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011〕 *2011 - Francois Mignard〔 (Francois Mignard ), French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012〕 The list above is complete up to 2011. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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